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Título

PREVALENCE OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN NEWBORN VERY LOW WEIGHT AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS

Resumo

OBJECTIVES: To determine retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) prevalence and associated risk factors in a population of very low-birthweight newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional study with very low-birthweight newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a school maternity hospital in Natal/RN, from October 2017 to September 2018, and from January to December 2019. The statistical analysis performed was descriptive, in addition to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Fisher, Chi-Square, student's t, Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: 175 newborns were included in the study, of which 9 (5.1%) had ROP. Regarding the gestacional age, in the babies that presented ROP the average was
27.06 weeks (SD ± 2.17) and in the babies that did not present ROP the average was 29.72 weeks (SD ± 2.26). Regarding birth weight, the median between babies with and without ROP was 980 g and 1215 g, respectively. A positive association was found as a risk factor for the outcome: lower gestational age and birth weight, duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, number of packed red blood cells administered, need for surfactant use, presence of an arterial duct and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Out of the 9 cases of ROP, 8 were treated with laser photocoagulation, 1 with vitrectomy and 1 presented spontaneous regression. No case has evolved into blindness. CONCLUSIONS: There was a low prevalence of ROP in very low- birthweigh newborns, as well as the association of such a problem with risk factors that can be modified through improved perinatal care.

Keywords: Retinopathy of Prematurity, Prevalence, Risk factors, Very low-birthweight newborns.

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